A double 18″ LVL means double 2×18 or 4×18. ![]() How far can a double 18″ lvl spanĪ 18″ double LVL is made by laminating two LVLs 1 3/4″ or 40mm thick and 18 “ deep. Typically a double ply 16″ LVL (laminated veneer lumber) beam can allow to span a maximum distance of 26 feet when used in residential homes or projects. A double 14″ LVL means double 2×14 or 4×14. How far can a double 16″ lvl spanĪ 16″ double LVL is made by laminating two LVLs 1 3/4″ or 40mm thick and 16 “ deep. ![]() Typically a 14″ LVL (laminated veneer lumber) double ply (3-1/2 inch) beam can be span to a distance of 23 feet when used in residential homes or projects. A double 14″ LVL means double 2×14 or 4×14.Īs per general thumb rule and guidelines, a double 14″ lvl (Laminated veneer lumber) beam can allow to span up to 23 feet far distance used for residential building or projects. How far can a double 14″ lvl spanĪ 14″ double LVL is made by laminating two LVLs 1 3/4″ or 40mm thick and 14 “ deep. Typically a 12″ LVL (laminated veneer lumber) double ply (3-1/2 inch) beam can be span to a distance of 20 feet when used in residential homes or projects. A double 12″ LVL means double 2×12 or 4×12.Īs per general thumb rule and guidelines, a double 12″ LVL (Laminated veneer lumber) beam can allow to span up to 20 feet far distance used for residential building or projects. How far can a double 12″ lvl spanĪ 12″ double LVL is made by laminating two LVLs 1 3/4″ or 40mm thick and 12 “ deep. Typically a 10″ LVL (laminated veneer lumber) double ply (3-1/2 inch) beam can be span to a distance of 16 feet when used in residential homes or projects. Typically a double 10″ (or 2×10) LVL (Laminated veneer lumber) beam can allow to span up to 16 feet far distance used for residential building or projects. A double 10″ LVL means double 2×10 or 4×10. How far can a double 10″ lvl spanĪ 10″ double LVL is made by laminating two LVLs 1 3/4″ or 40mm thick and 9 1/2″ deep. ![]() In addition, the maximum span for a double 11 1/2″ LVL need to be 18 feet, while the maximum span for a double 11 7/8″ LVL need to be 20 feet. Moreover, the maximum span for a double 9 1/4″ LVL need to be 15 feet, while the maximum span for a double 9 1/2″ LVL need to be 17 feet. In general, the maximum span for a double 5 1/2″ LVL need to be 10 feet, while the the maximum span for a double 7 1/4″ LVL need to be 13 feet. In addition, a double ply 18″ LVL beam can allow to span maximum distance of 30 feet. Moreover, a double ply 14″ LVL beam can allow to span maximum distance of 23 feet, a double ply 16″ LVL beam can allow to span maximum distance of 23 feet. In general, a double ply 10″ LVL beam can allow to span maximum distance of 16 feet, while a double ply 12″ LVL beam can allow to span maximum distance of 10 feet. More than 60 Feet there is difficulty in transportation and handling. It can be customised according to your requirement. ![]() LVL length are generally available in 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 and 44 feet with special order upto 60 Feet. It is available in thickness from 19mm (3/4 inches) to 178mm (7 inches). Lvl sizes may vary according to manufacturer but lvl standard thickness of 1 3/4 inches (one ply), 3 1/2 inches (2 ply), 5 1/4″ (3 ply) and 7 inches (4ply). LVL offer several advantages over technical milled lumber, it is made in factory under control specification and it is more stronger straighter and more uniform in size. LVL has a “maximum allowable bending stress” of 2,800 or 3,000 psi. Because of the wood’s dimensional stability, inspection times are often reduced, too. Use an LVL beam to eliminate twisting and splitting for quiet floors. LVL is a straight, enough strong wood that fights warping and shrinking, providing great stability for your projects. LVL is product of recent innovation they are result of new technology and economic pressure to make use of new wood species and smaller trees that cannot be used to make solid Lumber. The American wood Council National design specification for wood, lvl is type of structural composite lumber comparable to glued laminated timber (glulam).
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![]() ![]() Thousands of new images every day Completely Free to Use High-quality videos and. In case you are interested in more articles from us, please consider subscribing to our blog. Download and use 100000+ Zoom Background stock photos for free. I hope you liked this article and if you do, don’t forget to share this article with your friends and colleagues. In case I find any other website, I will update this article. The above websites are sufficient to download and create a background for your Zoom call. In this article, I have only mentioned a few sources as I don’t want to overload you with all the websites where you might end up wasting your time. I really like the office background that gives the feel like I’m currently in an office or open workspace. There you will get the option to add an image from a local drive, just like the below screenshot. You just have to go to Zoom preferences and then select Virtual Background. Once you have downloaded your favorite image, using them as a background image is a very easy and simple process. One feature which I like the most about this website is that it allows you to download picture in different sizes and dimensions, so suppose you don’t want to download a 3932×2599 image, you can choose different dimensions. There are thousands of pictures to choose from for the background and that is for all for free. ![]() Do check out this website.Īnother popular image-sharing website that you can use to download the background for Zoom. MP4 format, though GIF was not working properly. Video backgrounds are supported in Zoom, I have tested. If you want to get credit for the premium element, you can join using this link.Īlong with a variety of templates for background, Canva also allows users to download video background and GIF. You must be already be knowing about Canva as it is one of the most popular websites for online image editing, designing templates, posters, flyers, postcards or social media posts, etc. They also have a very good collection of background images that you can use as a Zoom background, so do check them out and let me know which one is your favorite picture. I mostly visit this website if I want copyright-free images for my blog post. Pexel is an awesome website to find free images for your needs without giving any attribution to anyone. But just for convenience, I am listing a few websites which I have personally used and has very good image options. Resources to find Background Image for Zoom Video Callīasically, all the websites which allow you to download a wallpaper or offer free creative commons zero photographs can be a good source for Zoom background. Any transparent areas of PNGs will be shown on a white background. If you don’t use an image with an aspect ratio of 16:9, you may see black bars beside the background image.įormat: GIF, JPG/JPEG or 24-bit PNG (no alpha). Recommended dimensions: 1920px by 1080px (16:9 aspect ratio). Nower days you can also generate images best upon text using AI art generators like DeepAI, Midjourney, etc.įirst of all, let us see what are size and dimension requirements for the Zoom background so that you don’t see any error while uploading an image. In this article, I will tell you where you can find the free background for Zoom, how to upload a background on zoom, and what are the image requirements. Zoom is one of the standard software for most business meetings and video calls. If you work from home or currently started working from home, then you must be attending Zoom for video calls. No need to clean your apartment! Follow the steps here to change your Zoom background and just make sure your picture's dimensions are 1,920 pixels by 1,080 pixels (or close to it).Hope you are staying at home safe and sound. With the following free Zoom backgrounds, you can officially Zoom coworkers and loved ones while on a vacation in Greece, standing among Stormtroopers in the Death Star from "Star Wars", or in the comfort of your own tropical cabana - while not lifting a finger besides clicking upload. Once the basic catch-up questions are asked and you've touched upon the weather, it's easy to think: now what? Luckily, Zoom's background feature grants us a way to make our virtual chats a million times more fun, and the outcome is so cool! While video chatting with friends, family, and coworkers is a great way to keep in touch, at times it can be challenging to break the ice and make our calls creative, especially once the afternoon slump hits and you have run out of games to play on Zoom. ![]() The simple text drag and drop into the yellow box.Įv.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data)) ![]() The smaller boxes drag and drop in larger boxes using bootstrap, javascript, and CSS. Here are the following examples mentioned below. The ondragover elements used to set the endpoint or position of dragging elements.The ondrop is used to drop the elements in this position.The dragStart(event) helps to set data for dragging. The ondragstart tag used for dragging the elements. ![]() There are two parts: one is drag element and the second is drop element.In bootstrap, we are using draggable tags and other classes.Var data = ev.dataTransfer.getData ("text") Įv.target.appendChild (document.getElementById(data)) In JavaScript below methods are used for drag and drop elements.įunction dragDrop (ev) – This is used to set the position to drop the elements.Įv.tData ("text", ev.target.id). ![]() For dropping the element, we are using the below tags and classes.For dragging the element, we are using the below tags and classes.There is a way of getting drag and drop elements using three methods. With a variety of designs and patterns you can choose from, Mobirise Bootstrap form builder is a great choice to pick.The drag and drop syntax not only depends on bootstrap but also JavaScript. Mobirise form builder provides the opportunity for you to add a contact form to your site without any coding knowledge. Better security Your visitors can feel better submitting some sensitive details since SSL is more secure than email.Ī contact form is a great tool for collecting data from visitors on your site and knowing how to add one is of immense benefits.A contact form makes it easier for you to add fields that you think can fetch you more data from your customers. Gather customer data: You can do this in order to better serve your visitors.This allows you to organize your emails correctly. Organized information control: Since you are in charge of the information fields you want to be submitted, you're much in control of the kind of information that gets to you.Avoid or reduce spamming: Contact forms are handled and processed serverside and so your email address is not just out there for spammers to harvest.There's a compilation of several patterns that you can choose from.Ī contact form gives the following advantages Pattern: You can set a special pattern for your form and give it different expressions.The former allows the field to take the required Space and the latter allows it to take the available space in a row. You can choose the Default value or the auto value. Width: You can set the width of a field to the desired value.The Label Text Field will be shown if you have checked this. Label: If you want a label shown for your field, then check this setting.Notification email: You can set an email that receives an alert of activities and other notifications on your site.The name field is necessary for the identification of users and should be marked as required. Name: The value of this field is used in every email you receive and should be unique to your form.To edit the settings of a specific field, click on it. There are a variety of settings you can change and they are easy to understand and effect. Settings: From here, you can select the Form tab and edit your form settings.0ther settings are available in the settings tab. You can slow click on a form field in order to edit it. Form: You can also arrange the fields on your form by dragging them to the exact place you want them in.Or simply click on it in the list and it will be added. Simply drag your desired field to the form column and drop. Form Fields: The form fields is a list that contains several fields you can add to the form. ![]() If we don't have a play that can beat what is currently in the trick pile, then if our partner played the current highest trick card then we play our lowest counter. Otherwise, play the highest non trump card that is guaranteed to take the trick. Remembering what has been played and what was shown during passing and melding, play the highest trump card that is guaranteed to take the trick. If any play results in an average round score that is more than half a point lower than the highest average play, then remove it from the options considered. Finally, if necessary, we would choose to pass the cards that contribute the least amount of points to our meld score.įirst remove bad options: For each legal play, simulate the rest of the round 200 times with random deals of the unseen cards. Then prefer non-trump kings, then non-trump queens, then jack of diamonds (except if just received from partner), then lowest non-trump cards, then lowest trump cards. Then pass the cards that contribute the least amount of points to our meld score.įirst prefer not to pass any cards that result in a meld score for our hand. ![]() Then prefer queen of spades or jack of diamonds. Then, prefer to pass highest trump cards (except 9's of trump). Set the maximum willing bid at the round score achieved in more than 75% of the simulations.įirst prefer not to pass any cards that result in a meld score for your hand. Simulate many rounds with cards randomly dealt to standard strategy players. ![]() If we are playing last and we can take the trick then we play our lowest card that can take the trick. If we do have play options that could beat what is currently in the trick pile, then we play our highest winning card unless we are playing last. Otherwise, play the highest non trump card. Finally, if necessary, we would choose to pass the cards that contribute the least amount of points to our meld score. Then, prefer to first pass non-ace cards that would make us void in a suit, then prefer non-trump kings, then non-trump queens, then jack of diamonds (except if just received from partner), then lowest non-trump cards, then lowest trump cards. Then prefer highest non-trump cards.įirst prefer not to pass any cards that result in a meld score for our hand. Then, prefer to first pass highest trump cards. Pick the trump suit that resulted in the highest willing bid.įirst prefer not to pass any cards that result in a meld score for your hand. Set the maximum willing bid at the round score achieved in more than 83% of the simulations. ![]() Seatattoo(0) – Removes tattoo from Witcher 2 save Skill CodesĪdditem(name,#) – Adds designated item(s) to inventory. addabl ('name') to add a buff and rmvabl ('name') to remove it. likeaboss - damage set to 40 of targets MAX health. ![]() killall - kill all enemies in sight, killall (50) kills all enemies in 50y range. Seatattoo(1) – Enables tattoo from Witcher 2 save god - godmode (toggle, type god to turn off), there is also god2 and god3. Learnskill(skill) – Learns specified skill – List of Skill Codes can be found below. Geralt – Revert player character to Geralt Character CommandsĪddexp(#) – Adds specified amount of experience points The revealed symbols depict a pair of hands cupped around the moon. The glyph is along the northern wall just before the arches. ![]() The glyph is at the bottom of the stairs on one. After the wall is broken down (or jumping over the railing), head down the steps to the bottom. The last glyph (M18,11d) you may find close to one of the rifts next to the damaged row of arches. Also note that you can find the Sylaise: The Hearthkeeper codex here and can even break a barrier down nearby with a mage for some Ancient Elven Robes and Lidiranae’s Talisman, which is important for another quest so hold onto it. Valentine Easter Halloween Christmas Various. Slay them, light the veil fire, and examine the rune on the opposite side of the area for Glyph 3/4. Bar Code Nature Sport Heads Kids TV, Movie Logos Sexy Army Music Various. After the stairs just keep to your right, you should see it. Its on the right hand wall BEFORE going through the next set of arches. The glyph is on the western wall of the balustrade. Navigate to C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam\steamapps\common\The Witcher 3\bin\config\base 2. Alien Animals Asian Ancient Runes, Elvish Esoteric Fantastic Horror Games Shapes. after you light the lamp go through the arch way on the right. On the field you will see the only different ruined building. After this is done you can access the console by pressing the ” ~ ” key. The next glyph (M18,11c) is North of the first one. To enable cheats and console commands you’ll need to install The Witcher 3 Debug Console Enabler from modder Skomski. In fact we reckon you won’t see half the stuff available, so why not have a run through with cheats enabled, allowing you to play with invincibility, spawning everything your heart desires, and even controlling Ciri instead of Geralt. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt is a vast game with lots to see and do. ![]() As a result of this standard, the mass of all other elements on the periodic table are determined relative to carbon-12. The second column contains the numbers “1” and “1” as well as the merged cell. This is the standard unit for atomic or molecular mass, and 1 amu is thus 1/12 th the mass of a 12 C atom. ![]() The periodic table lists the atomic mass of carbon as 12.011 amu the average molar mass of carbonthe mass of 6.022 × 10 23 carbon atomsis therefore 12.011 g/mol: Table 2.4.1 2.4. The merged cell runs the length of the first five columns. The molar mass of any substance is its atomic mass, molecular mass, or formula mass in grams per mole. The atomic mass of tin (Sn) is 118.71 u while the atomic mass of carbon (C) is 12.011 u. The atomic mass of each element is found under the element symbol in the periodic table. The header row reads: “Element,” “Quantity,” a blank space, “Average atomic mass (a m u),” a blank space and “Subtotal (a m u).” The first column contains the symbols “N a”, “C l,” and a merged cell. Their respective masses and natural abundance are shown below. but its not In fact, if youve taken a look at the periodic table before (and I think its. Now, you know the atomic number of sodium is 11, so you may wonder why the molar mass is not exactly 22 (11 protons and 11 neutrons). Avogadros number tells the number of particles present per mole. The relative atomic mass is the same as the molar mass (except molar mass is in g/mol). The periodic table provides the atomic masses used in the calculation of the molar mass. The table is made up of six columns and four rows. Finding the molar mass of elements sounds pretty daunting. Do this by looking up sodium (Na) on the periodic table. \): Table salt, NaCl, contains an array of sodium and chloride ions combined in a 1:1 ratio. ![]() It's available under the Options screen in the main menu. UnlockableĪfter you've beaten the game, you can view the Staff Credits again at any time. However, she'll now be joined by the Metroid she saved at the end of the game. UnlockableĪfter you've beaten the game, the menu screen will display Samus sitting in her ship as usual. UnlockableĪfter you've beaten the game, you'll unlock Hard Mode, which you can select when starting a new save. Only difference that it's based only on gameplay time - collection percent doesn't matter this time.Įach difficulty (Normal, Hard, Fusion) has a different version of the 3 endings, but the times are the same. Missile Reserve Tank (replenishes 50 missiles or 10 Super missles) & Concept Art Gallery (it is the same as the Art Booklet from Legacy Edition)ġ00% item completion, view first 10 Chozo MemoriesĪs with all Metroid games there are different ending scenes. Scan the Samus Amiibo from the Super Smash Bros. Metroid Marker (Marks the nearest Metroid) & Fusion Mode (Difficulty featuring fusion suit) The Bomb pushes Samus up in the air, but the Power Bomb will send Samus soaring. Because it works almost exactly like the Bomb, the Power Bomb can be used in the same way to send Samus flying through the air. SeriesĮnergy Reserve Tank (revives you with 299 energy) & Sound Test (isn't the same as the Special or Legacy Edition CD) This Bomb is similar to her regular Bomb, except for the fact that its blast is all the more powerful and immense. Scan the Zero Suit Samus Amiibo from the Super Smash Bros. Scan the Samus Amiibo from the Metroid seriesĪeion Reserve Tank (replenishes 500 Aeion energy) & Metroid II Art Gallery (it is the same as the Art Booklet from Legacy Edition) The Metroid Marker can be used Multiple times in the game, but it is limited to one Metroid marked at a time. All Reserve Tanks can be refilled by the complementary station or the big Aeion orb. The second part (after the &-sign) can be unlocked after you beat the game. ![]() ![]() The first part (before the &-sign) can be unlocked after you face the first Metroid in a new game or at the beginning of a new game+. Anyone know where these are hiding High and low man, they’re nowhere around. By scanning the Amiibo, you can unlock some features and items you can't normally find during gameplay. Need GTA cia and ntr cheat for samus return. New MagicTints 3.2 (1-click AI & Machine Learning granular color matching in Adobe® Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign Upgrade here) Performance improvements, small UI fixes Fixed a problem when releasing mouse would still mix up colors after a long-click slider popup Fixed a problem with one slider changing mix amount for all new Multimix fields (when long-clicking on a field) New MixColors 5.1 (Enhance your painting skills with color mixing and color swatch managing) Improvements to Brush Spacing parameter New MagicSquire 6.2 (Organize brushes in colorful groups with tags, now with HUD popup and granular brush controls) Upgrade your creativity! Massive update of all panels, Full Adobe CC 2023 support Read more about MagicPicker, Photoshop Color Wheel panel for prosĢ020, 2022, 2023, Addon, Adobe, Adobe Photoshop, art, Brightness, CC, CC2014, CC2015, CC2017, CC2018, CC2019, CC2020, CC2022, CC2023, CIE Luv, CMYK, Color Name, color picker, Color Schemes, Color Sliders, Color Space, Color Spaces, Color Value, color wheel, colors, concept art, creative cloud, Creative Suite, cs3, cs4, cs5, CS5.5, CS6, design, Digital Painting, extension, Gradient, HCL, Hex, HSB, HSL, illustrator, Lab, Lch, MagicPicker, news, painting, panel, panels, photography, photoshop, plugin, RGB, RYB, Saturation, Temperature, Tone Lock, update, upgrade, Wacom | add comments * 9.1 - Improved behavior on CS6 connected to Munsell Color Wheel * 9.1 - Improved activation on Illustrator 2020 after recent Adobe updates * 9.1 - Improved removing and re-adding Color History in the same Photoshop session * 9.1 - Improved Scale numbers on the sliders when Slider value box was hidden * 9.1 - Fixed when Color History not updating Works with HUGE color to quickly compare old & new colors on the full panel size When activated use Photoshop Eydropper or Alt-click with other tools and MagicPicker will display Pick colors using the Photoshop eyedropper and have them in MagicPicker in real time next to current color! MagicPicker 9.1 brings Realtime Color Preview from Photoshop eyedropper Read more about MagicSquire, easy Photoshop brushes manager for prosĢ020, 2022, Addon, Adobe, Adobe Photoshop, art, Brightness, CC, CC2014, CC2015, CC2017, CC2018, CC2019, CC2020, CC2022, CIE Luv, CMYK, Color Name, color picker, Color Schemes, Color Sliders, Color Space, Color Spaces, Color Value, color wheel, colors, concept art, creative cloud, Creative Suite, cs3, cs4, cs5, CS5.5, CS6, design, Digital Painting, extension, Gradient, HCL, Hex, HSB, HSL, illustrator, Lab, Lch, MagicPicker, news, painting, panel, panels, photography, photoshop, photoshop brushes, plugin, RGB, RYB, Saturation, Temperature, Tone Lock, update, upgrade, Wacom | add comments – Fixed display of size-only brushes in Long List, Short List and Vertical List modes – Fixed a problem with HUD not opening on macOS in some scenarios – Improved Group Background Image dialog in various color themes – Monochrome background image in Long List, Short List and Vertical List modes is now displayed correctly – Removed unnecessary rendering of strokes – on double-click – Fixed right-click menu in HUD mode on macOS and Windows ![]() tpl files that don’t display previews before loading – Removed a random message when editing brush names with double-click ![]() ![]() – Improved Huge thumbnails display in Long and Short List modes – Fixed Huge thumbnails in Vertical List mode MagicSquire 7.1 update – brush workspace for Adobe Photoshop ![]() This is one use of self-modifying code that has remained popular.ĭevelopment of the stored-program concept ![]() On a smaller scale, some repetitive operations such as BITBLT or pixel and vertex shaders can be accelerated on general purpose processors with just-in-time compilation techniques. languages hosted on the Java virtual machine, or languages embedded in web browsers). Some high level languages leverage the von Neumann architecture by providing an abstract, machine-independent way to manipulate executable code at runtime (e.g., LISP), or by using runtime information to tune just-in-time compilation (e.g. This has made a sophisticated self-hosting computing ecosystem flourish around von Neumann architecture machines. It makes "programs that write programs" possible. On a large scale, the ability to treat instructions as data is what makes assemblers, compilers, linkers, loaders, and other automated programming tools possible. Another use was to embed frequently used data in the instruction stream using immediate addressing. This became less important when index registers and indirect addressing became usual features of machine architecture. One early motivation for such a facility was the need for a program to increment or otherwise modify the address portion of instructions, which operators had to do manually in early designs. A stored-program computer includes, by design, an instruction set, and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that details the computation.Ī stored-program design also allows for self-modifying code. With the proposal of the stored-program computer, this changed. ![]() It could take three weeks to set up and debug a program on ENIAC. "Reprogramming"-when possible at all-was a laborious process that started with flowcharts and paper notes, followed by detailed engineering designs, and then the often-arduous process of physically rewiring and rebuilding the machine. The earliest computers were not so much "programmed" as "designed" for a particular task. Changing the program of a fixed-program machine requires rewiring, restructuring, or redesigning the machine. It can do basic mathematics, but it cannot run a word processor or games. For example, a desk calculator (in principle) is a fixed program computer. Some very simple computers still use this design, either for simplicity or training purposes. The earliest computing machines had fixed programs. The vast majority of modern computers use the same hardware mechanism to encode and store both data and program instructions, but have caches between the CPU and memory, and, for the caches closest to the CPU, have separate caches for instructions and data, so that most instruction and data fetches use separate buses ( split cache architecture). These were programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and control signals between various functional units. Stored-program computers were an advancement over the manually reconfigured or fixed function computers of the 1940s, such as the Colossus and the ENIAC. The design of a von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than in a Harvard architecture machine-which is also a stored-program system, yet has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading and writing to memory, and another set of address and data buses to fetch instructions.Ī stored-program computer uses the same underlying mechanism to encode both program instructions and data as opposed to designs which use a mechanism such as discrete plugboard wiring or fixed control circuitry for instruction implementation. This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck, which often limits the performance of the corresponding system. The term "von Neumann architecture" has evolved to refer to any stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time (since they share a common bus).
![]() IN the field of quantum chromodynamics, we say that particles have a color. It's just the name that we've given a quark that has certain properties. There's nothing unusually strange about the strange quark. There's a charmed quark and a strange quark. THere's nothing "up-ish" about an up quark. "Up" and "down" don't have any meaning other than to identify the type of quark. A quark can be an up quark or a down quark. We have other properties like this for other particles. ![]() ![]() It's just a characteristic that particles have or don't have, and we know what the effect is of having or not having that property. "What is spin" doesn't have any deeper answer than does the question "what is charge". But there is no point in trying to answer "what is electron spin" by referring to some familiar object like a ball or a planet, because electrons are not balls or planets, they are their own thing, and you just have to accept that they have a property whose effects we understand very well, and we happen to have named it spin. Still, they have a property that works sort of like an orbit (orbitals) and they have a property that works sort of like rotation about an axis (spin). Using this concept actually helped a bit, just like Bohr's imagination of little orbits helped a bit, but again, the electrons are not like little planets: they don't revolve around the nucleus, and they don't rotate on their axes. Just as Bohr imagined that the atoms were little planets revolving around the nucleus as though it were a sun, other scientists tried to extend that idea by imagining that the little planets, just like real planets, had spin. It got named spin back when people were working with the Bohr model and trying to extend it to atoms beyond hydrogen. Spin is just a property that electrons (and other particles) have. For another layer, you can take the fact that you can never cool anything down to exactly 0K (-273.15C) (although you can get close) and so nothing will ever have 0 velocity. (1 value in a range of reals is like trying to throw a dart at a dartboard with an infinitely thin wire and hitting the wire). With this uncertainty, the velocity is almost definitely not 0. As we can't physically measure to perfect accuracy, there is an uncertainty in both measurements of the degree that we know it's probably stationary and it's probably 'over there'. So, if you know with 0 uncertainty what the velocity is, then you have no idea where it is, and all future involvement of the particle is pretty much irrelevant (how is the electron going to diffract around an atom if the electron is in a different galaxy?). The square (probability function) shows that it has an equal chance of being anywhere. If you take the infinite wavelength interpretation, then it would be nearly 0 (1/inf) but constant everywhere. Isn't to do with the fact that the velocity is not quite 0? if you know it is exactly 0 then the uncertainty in the position is infinite as well (momentum is a function of velocity, so delta P = 0 -> delta V = 0 -> delta X = inf) therefore it has an equal probability of being anywhere. |
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